Abatur, also known as the Ancient of Days, is a significant Uthra in the Mandaean religion responsible for weighing the souls of the dead. He exists in two distinct personae – the lofty celestial Abatur Rama and his lower counterpart of the Scales – embodying both divine radiance and judicial authority. Revered as the father of the Uthras and associated with Polaris, he plays a central role in maintaining cosmic balance.

Abatur

Abu is a Mesopotamian god associated with vegetation and snakes. His character remains poorly understood, contributing to his enigmatic presence in ancient lore. He was often paired with the deity gu2-la2, a figure later conflated with Gula.

Abu (god)

Adathan and Yadathan are a pair of uthras in Mandaean cosmology who serve as guardians in the World of Light. They stand at the Gate of Life and protect the sacred first river, symbolising divine access to life. Frequently invoked in Mandaean prayers, they embody benevolence and spiritual guardianship.

Adathan and Yadathan

Adnei haSadeh are legendary, human-like wild creatures mentioned in ancient Jewish texts. They are depicted as untamed, rugged humanoids with a wild, animalistic appearance. Their mysterious nature symbolizes the raw, unbridled forces of nature and the enigmatic aspects of humanity.

Adnei haSadeh

Adrammelech is an ancient Semitic god mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, recognised as the deity of Sepharvaim. He embodies divine kingship and transcendent power, as implied by his title 'Magnificent King'. His cult was centred around the twin cities on the banks of the Euphrates, highlighting his regional significance in ancient Mesopotamia.

Adrammelech

Aglibol is a moon god from ancient Palmyra who was worshiped as part of a divine triad alongside Bel and Yarhibol. He is closely associated with the sun god Malakbel and is primarily known through epigraphical inscriptions dating back to 17 BCE. His cult flourished in the Sacred Garden sanctuary, underscoring his pivotal role in Palmyrene religious practices.

Aglibol

Agrat bat Mahlat is a demon from Jewish mythology, known for her malevolent and seductive nature. Often depicted as a powerful infernal spirit, she embodies the darker aspects of the supernatural. Her legacy endures in occult lore as a symbol of demonic seduction and eternal damnation.

Agrat bat Mahlat

Ahriman, also known as Angra Mainyu, is the personification of destructive evil in Zoroastrianism. As the primary adversary of Ahura Mazda and the Spenta Mainyu, he embodies chaos and malevolence. His existence is fundamental to the dualistic nature of Zoroastrian cosmology.

Ahriman

Akhkhazu, also known as Ahhazu, is a female demon from Akkadic mythology who later became part of Babylonian myth. Despite her name's masculine linguistic form, her nature is distinctly female and marked by malevolence. Known as 'the seizer', she brings fever and plagues to those she afflicts.

Akhkhazu

The alal is a monstrous demon from Mesopotamian mythology that emerges from the Underworld to tempt humans. Depicted with a human body, lion head, dog ears, horse mane, and bird claws, it represents a composite, fearsome entity. Ancient Babylonians warded off its malevolent influence using protective amulets.

Alal

Alammuš, also known as Alammush, is a Mesopotamian deity who served as the attendant of the moon god Nanna. He was worshiped in Ur and held a significant position in the divine hierarchy. In astronomical texts, he is noted as being a twin brother to the cattle god Ningublaga.

Alammuš

Al Basty is an ancient female spirit rooted in Caucasus folklore and Sumerian mythology. She personifies guilt and haunts those burdened by remorse. Her name, derived from Turkic words meaning 'red' and 'pressure', symbolises the oppressive weight of guilt.

Al Basty

Al-Jinn refers to the collective group of jinn in Islamic tradition, supernatural beings created from smokeless fire. They are known for their invisibility, shape-shifting abilities, and enigmatic nature. Their mention in the Quran highlights their unique role in the cosmic order.

Al-Jinn

Allani is the Hurrian goddess of the underworld, also known as Allatu or Allatum. She is associated with fate determination and is closely linked with other underworld deities such as Ereshkigal. Her worship spanned western Hurrian regions and Mesopotamian cities, highlighting her significance in ancient religions.

Allani

Al-Mi'raj is a mythical one-horned hare from medieval Arabic literature, renowned for its distinctive horn and its mysterious aura that causes other animals to flee. Featured in the legend of Iskandar, it is portrayed as a magical gift and an emblem of the wondrous realm of myth. Its small stature belies its potent, enchanting presence within Arab folklore.

Al-Mi'raj

Alû is a vengeful spirit from Akkadian and Sumerian mythology that haunts the underworld Kur. It is known for its eerie lack of mouth, lips, and ears, which contributes to its terrifying appearance. The demon roams at night, instilling fear and inducing sleep paralysis in its victims.

Alû

Alukah is a demonic, blood-feeding creature from Hebrew folklore. She is known for her ability to shapeshift into a wolf and fly by releasing her long hair. Her presence in ancient texts symbolizes a dangerous fusion of human and supernatural forces.

Alukah

Anahita is the ancient Iranian goddess of waters, fertility, healing, and wisdom. She is symbolised by the lotus flower and has been venerated from the Avestan period. Recognised by Greek and Roman historians as Anaïtis, her legacy endures in myth, art, and cultural celebrations.

Anahita

Anak is a biblical figure cited in the Hebrew Bible as the forefather of the Anakim, a race of giants. His name is etymologically linked to the notion of 'giant' and is emblematic of extraordinary stature. The Anakim, associated with the Nephilim, underscore Anak's legendary status in ancient narratives.

Anak

Anana is a celestial cloud in Mandaean cosmology, serving as the dwelling place for uthras in the World of Light. It is also interpreted as a female consort, thereby symbolizing feminine identity. This dual significance underscores its role as both a divine abode and a cultural symbol for women in the Mandaean community.

Mesopotamian Creatures

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